Algorithmique du cycle 4 - 3e

Niveau 3 : blocs personalisés

Exercice 1 : Déplacement véhicule - Fonctions - Ecriture d'une fonction (4/8)

Concevez maintenant le contenu de la fonction pour placez le véhicule devant la tour d'arrivée.

{"options": {"toolbox": [{"type": "base_simplerepeattimes"}, {"type": "road_forward"}, {"type": "road_turnleft"}, {"type": "road_turnright"}], "blocks": {"base_start": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Au d\u00e9marrage", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "on_event": "start", "creatable": false, "tooltip": "D\u00e9marrage de l'algorithme", "colour": 65, "next_statement": true}, "road_turnright": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Tourner \u00e0 droite \u21b7", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "next_statement": true, "tooltip": "Tourner \u00e0 droite", "previous_statement": true}, "road_forward": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Avancer de 1 case", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "next_statement": true, "tooltip": "Avancer d'une case tout droit", "previous_statement": true}, "base_simplerepeattimes": {"colour": 120, "tooltip": "Execute une suite d'instructions un certain nombre de fois", "previous_statement": true, "compound": {"blocks": {"base_repeattimes": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "R\u00e9p\u00e9ter", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "value_input", "name": "ntimes", "check": "Number"}, {"fields": [{"text": "fois", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}, {"fields": [], "align": "left", "type": "statement_input", "name": "code_repeat", "check": null}], "colour": 120, "tooltip": "Execute une suite d'instructions un certain nombre de fois", "previous_statement": true, "inline": true, "next_statement": true}, "base_numberinput": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"default": 0.0, "type": "number_input", "name": "value"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 260, "tooltip": "Fourni un nombre", "output": "Number"}}, "ast": {"type": "base_repeattimes", "ntimes": {"alias": {"value": "ntimes"}, "type": "base_numberinput"}}}, "inline": true, "next_statement": true}, "function_DefForward8": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Avancer de 8 cases", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "inline": true, "next_statement": true, "previous_statement": true}, "road_turnleft": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Tourner \u00e0 gauche \u21b6", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "next_statement": true, "tooltip": "Tourner \u00e0 gauche", "previous_statement": true}, "DefForward8": {"specific_instance_data": {"show_in_toolbox": true, "function_call_block": ["function_DefForward8", {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Avancer de 8 cases", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "inline": true, "next_statement": true, "previous_statement": true}]}, "colour": 160, "is_function_def": true, "compound": {"blocks": {"GenericFunction": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Fonction \u00ab", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "value_input", "name": "fn_def", "check": null}, {"fields": [{"text": "\u00bb", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}, {"fields": [], "align": "left", "type": "statement_input", "name": "code_fn", "check": null}], "colour": 65, "specific_instance_data": {"show_in_toolbox": true, "function_call_block": {}}, "is_function_def": true, "inline": true}, "TitleDef_DefForward8": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Avancer de 8 cases", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "output": true}}, "ast": {"type": "GenericFunction", "fn_def": {"type": "TitleDef_DefForward8"}}}, "inline": true}}}, "ast": [[{"editable": false, "type": "base_start", "deletable": false}, {"editable": false, "type": "function_DefForward8", "deletable": false}, {"editable": false, "type": "road_turnleft", "deletable": false}, {"editable": false, "type": "function_DefForward8", "deletable": false}], [{"show_in_toolbox": false, "type": "DefForward8", "deletable": false}]]}

Exercice 2 : Déplacement véhicule - Fonctions - Utilisation et écriture d'une fonction avec différents paramètres (8/8)

En utilisant les connaissances découvertes dans cette activité, placez le véhicule devant la tour en concevant et utilisant la fonction

{"options": {"toolbox": [{"type": "base_numberinput"}, {"type": "base_repeattimes"}, {"var_name": "N", "type": "base_varvalue"}, {"type": "road_forward"}, {"type": "road_turnleft"}, {"type": "road_turnright"}], "blocks": {"base_start": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Au d\u00e9marrage", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "on_event": "start", "creatable": false, "tooltip": "D\u00e9marrage de l'algorithme", "colour": 65, "next_statement": true}, "road_turnright": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Tourner \u00e0 droite \u21b7", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "next_statement": true, "tooltip": "Tourner \u00e0 droite", "previous_statement": true}, "base_numberinput": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"default": 0.0, "type": "number_input", "name": "value"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 260, "tooltip": "Fourni un nombre", "output": "Number"}, "road_forward": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Avancer de 1 case", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "next_statement": true, "tooltip": "Avancer d'une case tout droit", "previous_statement": true}, "base_varvalue": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"default": "x", "type": "variable", "name": "var_name"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 330, "tooltip": "Fourni la valeur d'une variable", "output": true}, "DefForwardN": {"specific_instance_data": {"show_in_toolbox": true, "function_call_block": ["function_DefForwardN", {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Avancer de", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "value_input", "name": "arg_0", "check": null}, {"fields": [{"text": "cases", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "inline": true, "next_statement": true, "previous_statement": true}]}, "colour": 160, "is_function_def": true, "compound": {"blocks": {"TitleDef_DefForwardN": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Avancer de", "type": "text"}, {"default": "N", "type": "variable", "name": "arg_0"}, {"text": "cases", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "output": true}, "GenericFunction": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Fonction \u00ab", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "value_input", "name": "fn_def", "check": null}, {"fields": [{"text": "\u00bb", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}, {"fields": [], "align": "left", "type": "statement_input", "name": "code_fn", "check": null}], "colour": 65, "specific_instance_data": {"show_in_toolbox": true, "function_call_block": {}}, "is_function_def": true, "inline": true}}, "ast": {"type": "GenericFunction", "fn_def": {"type": "TitleDef_DefForwardN"}}}, "inline": true}, "base_repeattimes": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "R\u00e9p\u00e9ter", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "value_input", "name": "ntimes", "check": "Number"}, {"fields": [{"text": "fois", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}, {"fields": [], "align": "left", "type": "statement_input", "name": "code_repeat", "check": null}], "colour": 120, "tooltip": "Execute une suite d'instructions un certain nombre de fois", "previous_statement": true, "inline": true, "next_statement": true}, "road_turnleft": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Tourner \u00e0 gauche \u21b6", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "next_statement": true, "tooltip": "Tourner \u00e0 gauche", "previous_statement": true}}}, "ast": [[{"editable": false, "type": "base_start", "deletable": false}], [{"editable": false, "arg_0": "N", "type": "DefForwardN", "deletable": false}]]}

Exercice 3 : Déplacement véhicule - Fonctions - Utilisation d'une fonction (2/8)

Il est fastidieux de devoir répéter plusieurs fois une boucle avec des instructions dedans. Il est plus simple d'avoir une fonction dédiée et de l'utiliser plusieurs fois.

Placez le véhicule devant la tour en utilisant le nouveau bloc dédié.

Exercice 4 : Déplacement véhicule - Fonctions - Utilisation d'une fonction avec paramètres (5/8)

Les fonctions peuvent avoir des arguments. Cela permet aux fonctions d'avoir un fonctionnement générique. À l'intérieur d'une fonction, un paramètre est une variable qui peut être utilisée librement.

Placez le véhicule devant la tour en utilisant le bloc qui appel la fonction avec le paramètre 7 et observez l'éxécution de la fonction..

{"options": {"toolbox": [{"type": "base_numberinput", "value": 7.0}, {"type": "road_turnleft"}, {"type": "road_turnright"}], "blocks": {"base_start": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Au d\u00e9marrage", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "on_event": "start", "creatable": false, "tooltip": "D\u00e9marrage de l'algorithme", "colour": 65, "next_statement": true}, "road_turnright": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Tourner \u00e0 droite \u21b7", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "next_statement": true, "tooltip": "Tourner \u00e0 droite", "previous_statement": true}, "base_numberinput": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"default": 0.0, "type": "number_input", "name": "value"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 260, "tooltip": "Fourni un nombre", "output": "Number"}, "road_forward": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Avancer de 1 case", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "next_statement": true, "tooltip": "Avancer d'une case tout droit", "previous_statement": true}, "base_varvalue": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"default": "x", "type": "variable", "name": "var_name"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 330, "tooltip": "Fourni la valeur d'une variable", "output": true}, "DefForwardN": {"specific_instance_data": {"show_in_toolbox": true, "function_call_block": ["function_DefForwardN", {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Avancer de", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "value_input", "name": "arg_0", "check": null}, {"fields": [{"text": "cases", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "inline": true, "next_statement": true, "previous_statement": true}]}, "colour": 160, "is_function_def": true, "compound": {"blocks": {"TitleDef_DefForwardN": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Avancer de", "type": "text"}, {"default": "N", "type": "variable", "name": "arg_0"}, {"text": "cases", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "output": true}, "GenericFunction": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Fonction \u00ab", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "value_input", "name": "fn_def", "check": null}, {"fields": [{"text": "\u00bb", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}, {"fields": [], "align": "left", "type": "statement_input", "name": "code_fn", "check": null}], "colour": 65, "specific_instance_data": {"show_in_toolbox": true, "function_call_block": {}}, "is_function_def": true, "inline": true}}, "ast": {"type": "GenericFunction", "fn_def": {"type": "TitleDef_DefForwardN"}}}, "inline": true}, "base_repeattimes": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "R\u00e9p\u00e9ter", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "value_input", "name": "ntimes", "check": "Number"}, {"fields": [{"text": "fois", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}, {"fields": [], "align": "left", "type": "statement_input", "name": "code_repeat", "check": null}], "colour": 120, "tooltip": "Execute une suite d'instructions un certain nombre de fois", "previous_statement": true, "inline": true, "next_statement": true}, "road_turnleft": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Tourner \u00e0 gauche \u21b6", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "next_statement": true, "tooltip": "Tourner \u00e0 gauche", "previous_statement": true}}}, "ast": [[{"editable": false, "type": "base_start", "deletable": false}], [{"arg_0": "N", "code_fn": [{"code_repeat": [{"editable": false, "type": "road_forward", "deletable": false}], "editable": false, "type": "base_repeattimes", "deletable": false, "ntimes": {"editable": false, "var_name": "N", "type": "base_varvalue", "deletable": false}}], "type": "DefForwardN", "deletable": false, "editable": false}]]}

Exercice 5 : Comprendre un algorithme tracant des motifs simples

On considère le programme ci-dessous faisant appel à une fonction Motif permettant de dessiner un triangle.

Motif :
{"options": {"blockly": {"readOnly": true}, "blocks": {"drawing_forward": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 160, "tooltip": "Avancer d'un certain nombre de pixels", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Avancer de", "type": "text"}, {"name": "npixels", "default": 10.0, "type": "number_input"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}, "Motif": {"compound": {"blocks": {"TitleDef_Motif": {"output": true, "colour": 160, "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Motif", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}]}, "GenericFunction": {"colour": 65, "inputs": [{"type": "value_input", "fields": [{"text": "Fonction \u00ab", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "name": "fn_def", "check": null}, {"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "\u00bb", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}, {"type": "statement_input", "fields": [], "align": "left", "name": "code_fn", "check": null}], "inline": true, "is_function_def": true, "specific_instance_data": {"show_in_toolbox": true, "function_call_block": {}}}}, "ast": {"type": "GenericFunction", "fn_def": {"type": "TitleDef_Motif"}}}, "colour": 160, "inline": true, "is_function_def": true, "specific_instance_data": {"show_in_toolbox": true, "function_call_block": ["function_Motif", {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 160, "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Motif", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}]}}, "drawing_writing_position": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 210, "tooltip": "Mettre le stylo en posiion d'\u00e9criture", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Stylo en \u00e9criture", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}, "drawing_moving_position": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 210, "tooltip": "Relever le stylo", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Relever le stylo", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}, "drawing_turn": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 160, "tooltip": "Tourner d'un angle", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Tourner de", "type": "text"}, {"name": "angle", "default": 0, "type": "angle"}, {"text": "degr\u00e9s", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}}}, "ast": [[{"type": "Motif", "code_fn": [{"type": "drawing_writing_position", "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false}, {"type": "drawing_forward", "npixels": 55.0, "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false}, {"type": "drawing_turn", "angle": 120, "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false}, {"type": "drawing_forward", "npixels": 55.0, "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false}, {"type": "drawing_turn", "angle": 120, "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false}, {"type": "drawing_forward", "npixels": 55.0, "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false}, {"type": "drawing_turn", "angle": 120, "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false}, {"type": "drawing_moving_position", "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false}], "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false, "show_in_toolbox": false}]]}

Programme :
{"options": {"blockly": {"readOnly": true}, "blocks": {"drawing_reset": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 210, "tooltip": "Effacer tout", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Effacer tout", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}, "drawing_move_to": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 160, "tooltip": "Se placer sur le pixel (x; y)", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Aller \u00e0 x:", "type": "text"}, {"name": "x", "default": 10.0, "type": "number_input"}, {"text": "y:", "type": "text"}, {"name": "y", "default": 10.0, "type": "number_input"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}, "drawing_turn": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 160, "tooltip": "Tourner d'un angle", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Tourner de", "type": "text"}, {"name": "angle", "default": 0, "type": "angle"}, {"text": "degr\u00e9s", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}, "base_start": {"next_statement": true, "colour": 65, "tooltip": "D\u00e9marrage de l'algorithme", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Au d\u00e9marrage", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}], "creatable": false, "on_event": "start"}, "function_Motif": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 160, "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Motif", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}, "base_simplerepeattimes": {"compound": {"blocks": {"base_repeattimes": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 120, "tooltip": "Execute une suite d'instructions un certain nombre de fois", "inputs": [{"type": "value_input", "fields": [{"text": "R\u00e9p\u00e9ter", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "name": "ntimes", "check": "Number"}, {"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "fois", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}, {"type": "statement_input", "fields": [], "align": "left", "name": "code_repeat", "check": null}], "inline": true}, "base_numberinput": {"output": "Number", "colour": 260, "tooltip": "Fourni un nombre", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"name": "value", "default": 0.0, "type": "number_input"}], "align": "left"}]}}, "ast": {"type": "base_repeattimes", "ntimes": {"type": "base_numberinput", "alias": {"value": "ntimes"}}}}, "previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 120, "tooltip": "Execute une suite d'instructions un certain nombre de fois", "inline": true}, "drawing_set_turn": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 160, "tooltip": "S'orienter avec un angle", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "S'orienter \u00e0 ", "type": "text"}, {"name": "angle", "default": 0, "type": "angle"}, {"text": "degr\u00e9s", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}}}, "ast": [[{"type": "base_start", "deletable": false, "editable": false}, {"type": "drawing_reset"}, {"type": "drawing_move_to", "x": 10.0, "y": 180.0}, {"type": "drawing_set_turn", "angle": 0}, {"type": "base_simplerepeattimes", "code_repeat": [{"type": "function_Motif"}, {"type": "drawing_turn", "angle": -90}], "ntimes": 3.0}]]}

Trouver parmi les figures suivantes, celles qui ont pu être tracées avec ce programme en faisant varier le nombre de répétitions.

Revenir au choix du niveau